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Ontologies And Software Engineering

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Submitted by: Waralak V. Siricharoen

This content below is combined from several research and work; the author would like to thank the all sources for providing this useful information. And thank you UTCC for funding the research for all these past years.

Tthe object model is the center of data modeling; on the other hand ontology itself has the concept which is the basis of knowledge base. The goal of the data model is to certify that all data objects required by the database are completely and accurately represented. Because the data model uses easily understood notations and natural language, it can be examined and confirmed as correct by the end-users. Ontologies are objects of interest (universal of discourse).

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRJ_JH5mB1M[/youtube]

Ontology describes the types of things that exist, and rules that govern them; a object model defines records about things, and is the basis for a database design. Not all the information in ontology may be needed (or can even be held) in a data model and there are a number of choices that need to be made (West, M., 2006).

Ontologies are promised to bright future. This paper proposes that as ontologies are closely related to modern object oriented software engineering, it is natural to adapt existing object-oriented software development methodologies for the task of ontology development. This is some part of similarity between descriptive ontologies and database schemas, conceptual data models in object oriented are good applicant for ontology modeling, however; the difference between constructs in object models and in current ontology proposals which are object structure, object identity, generalization hierarchy, defined constructs, views, and derivations. We can view ontology design as an extension of logical database design, which mean that the training object data software developers could be a promising approach. An ontology is the comparable of database schema but ontology represent a much richer information model than normal database schema, and also a richer information model compared to UML class/object model. Object modeling focus on identity and behavior is completely different from the relational model s focus on information.

It is likely to adjust existing object oriented software development methodologies for the ontology development. The object model of a system consists of objects, identified from the text description and structural linkages between them corresponding to existing or established relationships. The ontologies provide metadata schemas, offering a controlled vocabulary of concepts. At the center of both object models and ontologies are objects within a given problem domain. The difference is that while the object model should contain explicitly shown structural dependencies between objects in a system, including their properties, relationships, events and processes, the ontologies are based on related terms only. On the other hand, the object model refers to the collections of concepts used to describe the generic characteristics of objects in object oriented languages. Because ontology is accepted as a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization, we can naturally link ontologies with object models, which represent a system oriented map of related objects easily.

About the Author: Waralak V. Siricharoen Computer Science Department, School of Science,

University the Thai Chamber of Commerce (UTCC)

Dindeang, Bangkok, Thailand lak_waralak@yahoo.com, waralak_von@utcc.ac.th

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Man jailed for murder of doctor in South Yorkshire, England

Wednesday, January 27, 2010

Andrew Hill, a 49-year-old mechanic, was beginning a sentence of life imprisonment yesterday after being found guilty of the murder of his wife’s lover. The trial at Sheffield Crown Court in South Yorkshire, England, had heard that Hill had murdered Colin Shawcross, a local medical practitioner, with a pickaxe handle after his wife had told him that she was leaving him for Shawcross.

You acted in a devious, vengeful, cowardly and unmanly way.

Shawcross and Julie Hill started their relationship in January 2008. She told her husband that she was leaving him for Shawcross in January 2009, and on the next day, Hill murdered Shawcross at the doctor’s house. He then drove the body to a local wood and buried it five feet underground. Shawcross’s remains were not found for five months.

The jury unanimously found Hill guilty of murder. The judge, Mr. Justice Wilkie, sentenced Hill to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 17 years. In passing sentence, the judge said, “You acted in a devious, vengeful, cowardly and unmanly way. You deliberately armed yourself with a deadly weapon and engineered a situation where you were free to surprise Dr. Shawcross and strike him.

“You have been found guilty of the murder of Dr. Colin Shawcross, a man who had devoted himself for 30 years as a GP to caring for the health and well-being of his fellows. He still had a great deal to give both to society and his family.”

Carol Shawcross, the deceased’s widow, said after the court case that “[h]is murder has robbed me of the companionship, contentment and security that Colin and I had planned in retirement.” Detective Superintendent Mick Mason of South Yorkshire Police spoke about the case after the court trial. “One year ago, Dr. Colin Shawcross was subjected to a brutal and unprovoked attack, which resulted in his death,” he stated. “His body was removed from the scene in his own vehicle and was not recovered by the police for over five months. This has clearly been a very difficult time for Mrs Shawcross and her family but throughout they have conducted themselves with great dignity. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Mrs Shawcross and her sons for their support throughout the police investigation.”

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Tanker spills 1000s of tonnes of crude oil off Nicobar Islands

Tuesday, August 15, 2006

A Japanese tanker has spilled an estimated 4,500 tonnes (1.4 million gallons) of crude oil in the eastern Indian Ocean, after colliding with a cargo ship, which it was trying to assist, the tanker’s owners report.

A statement released by Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd, the owners of the tanker, Bright Artemis said that the tanker was attempting to rescue the crew of the distressed Singapore-registered cargo ship, Amar, when the two vessels came in contact about 470 km (290 miles) west of the Great Nicobar Island in the Indian Ocean at 1:00 p.m., (3:00 p.m. JST) on Monday. The collision opened a gash 1 meter in height and 5 meters in length on the single-hulled tanker’s starboard side, spilling its crude oil cargo. The statement said that the spill has been contained, the crew of the Amar are safe on board another rescue vessel and no other injuries have been reported.

The tanker reported the location of the incident as 5’46″N, 89’04″E and the cargo ship Amar was on fire when the incident happened, said the statement. It added that oil has been transferred from the damaged tanks to other tanks, the tanker is proceeding east at a reduced speed and that the Maritime Port Authority of Singapore and the Indian Coast Guard have been informed of the incident.

The Bright Armetis was manned by a crew of 23 including Croatians, Filipinos and a Canadian and was carrying close to 250,000 tonnes of crude oil from the Persian gulf to Japan, according to the company.

Indian Coast Guard officials told Reuters news agency that the spill lies outside India’s exclusive economic zone and that they are watching the situation closely.

Bloomberg reports that shares of Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd. fell as much as 4.3% upon news of the event. Mitsui is Japan’s second-largest shipping company.

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Napster founder Shawn Fanning introduces new file-sharing project

Sunday, December 5, 2004

SAN FRANCISCO –Shawn Fanning, the creator of Napster and a founder of Snocap, Inc., on Friday revealed his plans for a legal peer-to-peer file-sharing platform. Snocap has signed an agreement with Universal Music Group to make the company’s entire catalogue available through the new service. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed.

According to Snocap’s press release, the platform will include a copyright management interface, which will allow content owners to control the distribution of their intellectual property among users. The service’s main competitor would be Apple‘s iTunes Music Store, which is currently the most widely used legal source of downloadable music.

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Cruise ship sinks off Greek coast, two missing

Thursday, April 5, 2007

An evacuation operation was carried out today as a cruise ship ran aground off the coast of Santorini, a Greek island, leaving up to 1,167 passengers and 391 crew to abandon the ship.

The Sea Diamond took on water and listed twelve degrees after running aground, but had been stabilized. Fifteen hours after the grounding, the ship sank.

Cruise operator Louis Cruise Lines had announced earlier that all passengers and crew were accounted for. Officials are now reporting that two passengers are missing. A 45-year-old man, Jean-Christophe Allain, and his 16-year-old daughter, Maud, were reported missing by family members also on the cruise, according to a merchant marine ministry official.

BBC journalist Malcolm Brabant reported that the missing passengers had been in a lower-deck cabin when the ship ran aground. Allain’s wife and son escaped safely to the upper decks.

Most of the passengers on board the Sea Diamond ship are either American or German. Local news reported that the ship is taking on water after striking a reef in the volcanic island’s lagoon, similar to a lake, and issued a distress signal, launching an operation that led more than a dozen ships and five Greek Navy helicopters to evacuate all the people on board, with many boarding a small ferry.

The ship was about one nautical mile – 1.8km – from the island’s coast when it ran aground. The ship’s operators, Louis Cruise Lines, earlier said that a “controlled evacuation” was underway, but that “there is no danger to passengers”. The ship had left the Athenian port of Piraeus on Monday for a five-day tour of the islands. The sea was calm when the incident occurred.

“Some passengers have already reached the island and no-one has been hurt,” an official at the Santorini coastguard has said, whilst Merchant Marine Minister Manolis Kefaloyiannis said to reporters, “Thankfully, everything has gone well so far. Emergency services responded very quickly and very well.”

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White House press center evacuated after bomb scare

Monday, June 18, 2007

A press room across the street of the White House was evacuated after a bomb sniffing dog had a reaction to a van it was searching. The van was believed to be a transport vehicle for Israeli Prime Minster Ehud Olmert, but some reports also say that it is not known to whom the van belongs.

The evacuated space is where the press gathers before they enter the Press Briefing Room in the West Wing of the White House. It is around the corner from Blair House.

“Police were called, they are on the scene currently attempting to clear the vehicle. The vehicle is part of the delegation that is staying at the Blair House,” said Darrin Blackford, a spokesman for the Secret Service.

Police searched the van using a robot and blocked off streets around the area to vehicle traffic, but at 4:30 p.m. (eastern time), authorities gave the “all-clear” for personnel to be allowed back into the building.

The “suspicious” van was parked in front of Lafayette Park. Other areas near the White House were also evacuated including Pennsylvania Avenue, on which the White House is located, and the Jackson Square Press Center, because “of an abundance of caution.”

Olmert is currently a guest in the Blair House which is located across the street from the White House. Olmert is expected to meet with United States President George W. Bush to discuss the Palestinian government and other issues. It is not known if Olmert was inside the house at the time of the incident.

It is not known why the dog reacted to the van, but nothing was found inside it after the Secret Service searched it.

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Australian government announces study of tax system

Monday, February 27, 2006

The Australian federal treasurer, Peter Costello, has announced a study to compare the Australian taxation system with those of other countries. It will include overall tax levels, as well as indirect tax, income tax and company tax systems. Mr Costello says that the results are intended to inform discussion of the future of the tax system.

“The aim of the study is to provide a public document that compares Australian taxes to those in other countries. This will identify those areas where Australia leads comparable countries and those areas where it lags. It will enable a focus on the most important areas,” Mr Costello said in a media release.

The study will be lead by Mr Richard (Dick) Warburton and Mr Peter Hendy. Mr Warburton is Chairman of Caltex Australia Ltd, and has been Chairman of the Board of Taxation since its inception in September 2000. According to its website, the Board of Taxation is “a non-statutory advisory body charged with contributing a business and broader community perspective to improving the design of taxation laws and their operation.”

The Australian Democrats welcomed the study but warned that nothing would be achieved without serious reform of the tax system.

“The Inquiry announced yesterday by the Treasurer may turn out to be a step in the right direction but will be a pointless exercise if it ends up being simply a ‘desktop’ report,” said Senator Murray, Democrats Tax Spokesperson.

“The problem with Mr Costello’s approach is that in contrast to the approach taken on the GST, the New Tax System, and the Business Tax System, he has seen income tax change to be solely part of the budget process. Across the whole of the political and public policy spectrum, there is strong agreement that reform is needed, not just tax cuts, and that the income tax system needs redesigning, not just fine tuning.”

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President of China lunches with Brazilian President

Saturday, November 13, 2004

Hu Jintao, the President of the People’s Republic of China had lunch today with the President of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, at the Granja do Torto, the President’s country residence in the Brazilian Federal District. Lunch was a traditional Brazilian barbecue with different kinds of meat.

Some Brazilian ministers were present at the event: Antonio Palocci (Economy), Eduardo Campos (Science and Technology), Roberto Rodrigues (Agriculture), Luiz Fernando Furlan (Development), Celso Amorim (Exterior Relations), Dilma Rousseff (Mines and Energy). Also present were Roger Agnelli (Vale do Rio Doce company president) and Eduardo Dutra (Petrobras, government oil company, president).

This meeting is part of a new political economy agreement between Brazil and China where Brazil has recognized mainland China’s market economy status, and China has promised to buy more Brazilian products.

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Michael Jackson doctor charged with involuntary manslaughter

Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Dr. Conrad Murray has been charged with involuntary manslaughter in connection to the death of Michael Jackson, who Murray was doctor to. Dr. Murray was with the singer when he died on June 25 last year.

The doctor is alleged to have acted “unlawfully and without malice“. The prosecution’s complaint said that when Dr. Murray gave Michael Jackson a powerful sedative to attempt to assist Jackson with his sleeping, he acted “without the caution and circumspection required”. During rehearsals for a series of return concerts planned in London, England last year, the entertainer had employed the doctor to be his personal physician for the spring. If convicted of the charges, Dr. Murray could be imprisoned for up to four years.

According to Ed Chernoff, Dr. Murray’s lawyer, he will not plead guilty. Speaking on Monday, before the charge was filed, Chernoff stated: “We’ll make bail, we’ll plead not guilty and we’ll fight like hell.” The coroner’s office in Los Angeles, California, US reported that the death of Michael Jackson was a homicide, with the cause being an overdose of sedatives.

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What To Look For When Shopping For Crib Bedding}

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Submitted by: Kate Marie Wilber

Shopping for a new baby is quite exciting. Expectant parents have fun decorating their babys new home with lots of color. Some parents choose a basic theme that runs through everything they buy for the nursery including the bedding for the crib.

Bedding products dont vary much between infants and adults. Most crib mattresses are of a standard size so finding the right size wont be a problem. Choose good quality bedding ensembles that include a crib sheet, blanket, and bumpers. Test the fitted crib sheet with your crib mattress to ensure a snug fit on all sides. The last thing you want is a loose fitting sheet that the infant can pull off the mattress and over their heads.

Whichever pattern that you choose for the crib bedding, it is a good idea to invest in a few extra sets as you will change the sheets often with a new baby.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI1mGtMcXwU[/youtube]

A newborn babys skin can be quite sensitive. Different bedding materials may cause irritation when put next to his or her skin. One way to avoid such sensitivities is to purchase cotton. Cotton is light and wont weigh baby down when they are used to cover him up. As you put baby to bed, tuck the sides of the blanket securely under the mattress so baby cant pull it over his head during the night.

Now that we have dealt with the safety issues its time to pick the color scheme for your babys nursery. Do you like solid colors or prints? Will the theme pertain strictly to boys or to girls? Have some fun with it. Maybe you are having a boy this first time around. Choosing a blue layout will mean starting all over again with the decorations if the second child is a girl. Gender neutral colors are also popular for nurseries if more than one child is in your future.

Youll notice that some companies sell separates and others offer matching crib bedding sets when you begin your shopping. If your nursery has a theme, the crib bedding sets would be a better option since they include baby blanket, bumpers, crib sheet and dust ruffles.

If you are going for a theme in the nursery that includes a print pattern, consider purchasing a crib bedding ensemble from a manufacturer that also sells other nursery accessories. Now, decorating that nursery is a one stop shopping experience instead of going from store to store to find just the right lamp or wall decoration. You can find great stuff like lamps, hampers, changing pad cover, crib accessory bags, curtains and mobiles to add to the nursery. Some manufactures might offer cradle bedding that matches the rest of the layout.

Expectant parents are excited and stressed thinking about the new baby entering the house and their lives. Shopping for the nursery is a fun way to ease the pressure and the stress. If you have an idea what you are looking for, start with the bedding. Keep safety in mind here and then work your way around the nursery, choosing accessories to brighten up the room where your newborn will sleep.

About the Author: Find a great selection of designer

crib bedding

at

BarefootBella.net

, your source for fine infant clothing, accessories and more.

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